Balancing Marriage and Ministry - 2289 Words

| Marriage and Ministry | | | Tanja Martin | 12/10/2012 | Liberty University | Abstract Marriage can be a rewarding, blissful and fulfilling part of life. But, it can also be difficult, challenging and strained when ministry is incorporated if not properly balanced. When God calls a person to the ministry, He calls them to minister to His people without respect to gender. He invented both marriage and ministry and He knows that they are able to co-exist. The problem is people not incorporating His divine plan, not relying on His leading and not having balance. As women, many perceive the balancing of marriage and ministry to be an expected duty that should always succeed. Its failure or success is solely viewed†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Evangelicals today are divided into two clearly defined groups: those who believe that all facets of ministry ought to be open to women (egalitarians) and those who are convinced that women can properly serve only in supportive roles (complementarians)†. (Grenz, 1995) (pg. 19) . As a result of these contrasting views, women are either wholly accepted or accepted with limitations and only in supportive roles. Often, women were forbidden to even speak in the church. This precept has been erroneously supported by one particular verse of scripture in the Bible. When Paul addressed a conflicting situation in the church, he sought to resolve confusion with a verse in the Bible. He said, â€Å"Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience, as also saith the law†. (1 Corinthians 14:34, KJV). This misunderstood verse has prompted many religious organizations to forbid women to teach, speak or minister in any capacity. Walter Elwell sums this well when he stated, â€Å"The reason that women rather than men are mentioned here may be due to the fact that in Corinth women were the primary disturbers†. (Elwell, 2001) (pg.1284). It was a matter of order being practiced in the church not a preeminence of male authority over women as many believed. Unfortunately, this position has been passed d own through many generations andShow MoreRelatedThe Leadership Position Of Youth Pastor1713 Words   |  7 Pageshome. I really liked how she identified the three major barriers to god bearing youth ministry. I found it beneficial that she signaled these out so that a person can be aware and ready if they start to fall into one of these categories. I can already notice how I might fit into these three categories of being a fixer, controller, or of having the need to be liked. Knowing these before I actually start in ministry is already helping me in addressing the issue. I can already see how I would be a â€Å"fixerRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Global Mobility Of Latin America And The United States1316 Words   |  6 PagesArgentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. Immigration laws differ from country to country. Although the specific names for the visas and the requirements differ, there are common patterns and trends - especially for countries balancing the interest of engaging in global commerce against protecting local labor markets and national security. Treaties and bi-lateral agreements often give special privileges to citizens from specific countries (e.g., benefits for citizens of CanadaRead MoreThe On The Gender Machinery1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gender machinery In response to some of the described situational GBV’s, the Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender and Children’s Affairs, is the countries national body for social welfare, gender and children’s rights for Sierra Leone. In 2007, 30 women’s rights organisations joined a demonstration against GBV. The national committee is made up of government institutions, UN agencies both national and international organisation and are against GBV. There are also established regional GBV committeesRead MoreTaking a Look at Women and Leadership1255 Words   |  5 Pagesand are found in both non-secular and secular employment. I have had the opportunity to work in both. Non-secular employment or religious employment has limited women in their vocational roles and were not allowed to excel in certain levels of ministry. They were allowed to serve only in national boards, as council delegates, as missionaries, and within local church activities. They were not allowed to speak or teach publicly where such speaking usurped the authority of men. It took many yearsRead MoreThe Problem Of Adolescent Parenthood Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagesto happen. Some challenges that both of these young teens may face that can affect their coping and dealing with this situation are factors such as stigma, balancing education, social and family relationships, their relationship with each other, discrimination, the over dramatization of teen pregnancy in the media, social exclusion, balancing education and the acceptance of Ashley’s parents to keep the baby and of her relationship with Ben. One thing that I strongly disagree with and very shockingRead MoreS ingle Parents in Singapore1164 Words   |  5 PagesMinister Dr Vivian Balakrishnan highlighted four main trends among families in Singapore. The first issue he pointed out was the rising divorce rate that has doubled over the past 20 years and concluded that this is the most utmost concern of the ministry. Yet in Singapore poor single parent families have to compete with other vulnerable groups for means-tested social assistance, as there are no social security policies that are aimed towards poor single parents. In fact, single parent families areRead MoreAn Obligation On Self Care1969 Words   |  8 Pagesmeans balancing a concern for others with a concern for one’s own well-being...† A similar view is held by Eileen Scully who believes that the challenge to be well is rooted in the sacramental promise of communion and baptism. As the Body of Christ is called to completeness, so pastors are called to a new way of life which was fashioned, well-ordered and blessed by God and acquired for us through our Lord Jesus Christ. â€Å"Just as the church has come to express a theology of ordained ministry thatRead MorePastoral Reflection paper1611 Words   |  7 Pageswere being counseled, but from me, because I never had any formal training. Different life situations have caused me to receive counseling, but that was the extent of my counseling experience. After seeing God use me, an unqualified servant help marriages be restored, I felt the call to return to school to obtain a formal education in Pastoral Counseling. I will share how it all came about, what I have learned and what I expect the Lord to do through this formal training from taking PACO 500 Introduct ionRead MoreThe Revolutionary Policies of Henry VIII Essay1242 Words   |  5 PagesCromwell reorganised the government, the Church and the map of Wales, replacing the Principality and the Earldom of March with Standard English counties. His downfall was Henrys marriage to Anne of Cleves in 1540, arranged in hopes of allying England with German Protestant princes. Henry had the marriage annulled on the grounds of non-consummation, then had Cromwell executed as a heretic. Henry VIII, who had indulged in endless diplomatic squabbles and foreign wars, left noRead MoreKore The Miracle Of The Han River2734 Words   |  11 Pages2002 FIFA World Cup with Japan, and will host the Pyungchang Winter Olympics in 2018. Korea is famous for IT industries in global markets. Recently, Korean wave (Hanryu) for Korean dramas, movies, and music has been attracting worldwide audiences. (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2015) Korean social structure is arranged vertically and based on Confucianism. Koreans are affected in human relationship by the basic moral rules implied by Confucianism. There are two types of â€Å"Jeong† and â€Å"Han†

Body Image vs. Media - 1882 Words

Body Image vs. Media Perfection is the ultimate addiction, in the eyes of the media. Body image is a problem that women and even men have been struggling with for as long as the media has been around. The media constantly puts pressure on young men and women brainwashing them into thinking that the ideal body image for women is small and slim and the ideal image for men is muscular. The media uses interesting standards to define beauty. There are different aspects to beauty that a lot of times, the media does not exhibit. For instance true beauty comes through dignity and character, not necessarily through how a person looks. Nevertheless, there is no denying that ads do affect some of us. Women and young girls all around the world are†¦show more content†¦Until the photographers of the media stop promoting unhealthy images of models, Supermodels can then live care-free. As a key component to products being sold, photographers believe that Sex sells. In a survey that I personally conducted I asked 5 males and 5 females, whether or not erotic imagery of in-shape men/women in advertisements affected them in any way. My results proved that the women were not intrigued by the advertisement, compared to the men. The media will go as far as this to capture your attention so that you can read the words. Sex has always been a hot topic , so using sexy images of models in the eyes of the media, is a must. Soon we will come to the conclusion that sex does not sell, it is only lack of creativity and it will soon become a myth. Technology has brought us many [good things], but also problems. Beauty is subject to its magical touch-ups. What we see on magazine covers as the model of beauty isnt real. I think thats very damaging. Celebrities feel this pressure too. A few years ago, I considered [cosmetic] surgery.(Pop singer Shakira , Teen People, May 2006, p. 54.) Everything you see, whether its an ad or a magazine, is all fake. This is called the power of airbrushing. What a paintbrush is to a painter, is what airbrushing is to a photographer. Airbrushing can transform a model within seconds. As reported by Scott Schild, Sports Illustrated 2006 summer photo intern, in Sports Illustrateds Swimsuit Edition,Show MoreRelatedMedia Vs. Body Image1374 Words   |  6 Pages029 October 17, 2015 Media vs. the body Image Body image remains to be a very controversial topic in today’s society, because of how easy it is to become a hate crime over a small comment on how small or big someone’s body is. Today, it is unavoidable to see the look that it seems society wants us to look. Professor Susan Bordo writes the article, â€Å"Never Just Pictures†, describing her investigation between the media and its effects on how people view their bodies. She uses ethos, logos, andRead MoreMedia Vs Body Image1385 Words   |  6 PagesWhoever controls the media, controls the mind. Jim Morrison. 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Research suggests that exercise is associated with an improved body image (Homan Tylka, 2014). Contrastingly, individuals seeking treatment for eating disorders reported higher frequency of exercise. This suggests that there must be another aspect of exercise behavior other than frequency that plays a role in mental health. Later studies aim to pinpoint exercise motivation as the factor most closely associated with body imageRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Gender Roles1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe media is a well-known, influential aspect on gender roles that broadcast negative messages to society through television by the images that are mainstreamed, which has an effect on people’s thinking process. Television brainwashes both men and women to believe they are not perfect, unless they have the body image of a celebrity. 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One of the feathers will have the name of the brand in pink. There also will be a sign by this exhibit â€Å"when angels grow up† and a QR code to find out about famous works of art with angels and a map how to get there. For one weekend the entrance to the museum will be free for everyone. There will be a special platform with seats where an important woman from the company, CEO (35+), willRead More Medias Influences on the Development of a Womans Self-Esteem1301 Words   |  6 Pageswith this, young women are liable to worry about their body image, and may want to conform to those who have achieved the desired image. This image may be thin, muscular, or just average. This can be attributed to the medias portrayal of women (Body Image Advertising). The majority of women in ads; television, movies, and magazines are thin and are seen as attractive because of this. 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Technology Pedagogy As Well As Curriculum â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Technology Pedagogy As Well As Curriculum? Answer: Introduction This particular assignment involves the development of an implementation plan majorly for the purpose of reconstituting an Indian Tertiary College. With consideration of the institutions level of technology, pedagogy, as well as the curriculum, we shall develop a vision statement from the same. A vision statement, in this case, illustrates some of the issues that would explain the manner in which the preferred institute should look like after a successful implementation process. In the vision statement, a well thought out procedure is provided including the strategies that would be undertaken to ensure that the institution attains its full development potential. Following the vision statement is the stakeholder analysis. This analysis takes into accounting all the stakeholders including the parents, students, staff, and the organization itself. After the stakeholder analysis is the socio-ecosystem analysis. Such an analysis is performed with regards to the organization in question. T he difference between the institutions existing socio-ecosystem and vision are then identified after which changes that would be required in curriculum, pedagogy, and technology assessment for the purpose of achieving the organizations vision are identified. Later on, this assignment will identify the Socio-Ecosystem preferred for the institution with regards to changes likely to occur in: 1 year 5 years 10 years This assignment will also determine the change levers as well as the strategies for stakeholder alignment. Afterwards, the activity will identify strategies that would otherwise help in attaining the changes as suggested. Last but not least, the assignment will come up with a plan for change management. Researchers agree to the fact that a vision of success is a clear yet precise explanation regarding how an organization should look like immediately its strategies for development are successfully implemented as well as after attaining its potential (Albugarni Ahmed, 2015). Vision Statement The literal meaning of vision is a roadmap or rather a path to follow. However, regarding the subject matter of this assignment, the recognized meaning is a compass point towards the direction of success. Our vision will need to focus on the institutions future. The same will be influential in creating organizational changes as well as having values and beliefs formulated. Other factors that will be created through the development of the vision statement include: Organizational dreams Hopes Interests Organizational expectations This vision statement will therefore include: Institutional goals The school mission The institutions philosophy Cultural features as well as core values Criteria of performance Overall strategies Rules of decision making Employee ethical standards. This assignment is, therefore, going to develop what is known as an educational vision statement based on the schools, curriculum, pedagogy, and technology level. On the same, the vision of the institution is: With time, the college will fully integrate ICT in all the educational processes. On top of that, teaches will be required to teach their students using ICT devices (Kamboj Singh, 2015). The institution will also provide online studies and make use of devices such as interactive boards, laptops, computers, and tables to provide academic content to real and virtual students. However, since the inclusion of ICT into the academic welfare of the school would be a new, bold step, the institution will have to include the same into the curriculum. Students will have to learn some of the concepts of ICT to easily get along with the technology in case it is applied (Albugarni Ahmed, 2015). In real sense, the statement, as mentioned earlier, contains the institutions strategies, goals, expectations, and interests. However, to have the goals met, and the plan implemented, there are several analyses to be performed (Albugarni Ahmed, 2015). Stakeholder Analysis As we mentioned earlier on, the identified stakeholders in this case are the students, teachers, management, the schools immediate community, and other subordinate staff. The stakeholders of the school will agree with me that the management and performance of students will be improved a great deal through the integration of ICT. The aspects of ICT integration in this context would include incorporating teaching devices and management databases. The use of laptops, tablets, and teaching tutorials or models will make the whole learning process engaging and interesting for the students as well as the lecturers (Bingimlas, 2009). Several studies on the same, acknowledges the fact that ICT forms the backbone under which students are molded to be able to fight for jobs in the international market. Particularly, through employment of innovative and interactive techniques of teaching will boost the performance of students. Some of these techniques include computer assisted instructions, comp uter aided designs, and audio-visual aids. With the onset of this digital age, all the processes of learning and management need to be engaging and digitalized (Bingimlas, 2009). Regarding the introduction of online education, the stakeholders will confirm with me that the platform will introduce flexibility for the lecturers and the students. Since the teaching process is remotely achieved from any place as long as the involved parties have access to an internet connection and a computer system, students and lecturers will not necessarily have to be within the school premises to attend lectures. In addition, the lecture processes can as well be recorded and given to students. Students can then go through the same as much as possible to understand the contents and the concepts. Lecturers also have the chance to reduce their workload by just recording the lectures. However, regarding management, the employment of a database management system will ensure that data is kept safe. Regarding the development of a HR (Human Resource) management framework, a professional and excellent staff will only get constituted if the institution develops a good framework of human resource (Roy, 2012). It is the department of the HR that will ensure that ICT experts are recruited trained with regards to the statutes of the institution, motivated, and performance appraisals maintained. However, all this will be achieved once the organization builds an effective administrative and management system that is supported by a comprehensive computer information system (Roy, 2012). Payroll Cycle All the financial aspects including relevant methods of payment of workers would be managed via proper cycles of payroll. With the integration of ICT, the institution will ensure that it is able to easily monitor worker payment processes as well as its funds. Several research activities show that such payroll cycles are able to help organizations form platforms for financial partnerships. A payroll cycle, by definition, happens to be a financial process completed by an organization once it ends the payment of its employees (Albugarni Ahmed, 2015). Socio-Ecosystem Analysis The organizations current Socio-Ecosystem is not as efficient as its technological level of advancement would require. Very few ICT devices are employed in learning and teaching processes. As much as the school is able to afford the equipment required, installation and maintenance issues still arise. However, the institution uses computers to a given level particularly in the administrative sector (Roy, 2012). On the contrary, there is only one interactive board and some few projectors for use in special occasions. There is the need to add more interactive boards, projectors, computers, and other teaching gears to achieve the intended goals. The school does not offer ICT courses and thus see no need to have teachers trained on the importance of technology. One of the issues that also arise is the low interest of students to undertake ICT courses. Most students would prefer going for business courses to those involving ICT. However, the institution is on the verge of rectifying the si tuation (Roy, 2012). Differences between the existing Socio-Ecosystem and organizational vision The schools socio-ecosystem is such that the institution lacks classrooms fully equipped with ICT gadgets. Such a situation is contrary to what the institutions vision states. According to the vision, the classes have interactive boards, computers, and other devices. Currently, the school doesnt offer ICT courses and the teachers dont teach the same which is not in accordance to the schools vision. According to the vision, the future teaching and learning process will fully integrate ICT. Currently, students prefer business courses to those of ICT. However, as time passes by, in accordance to the vision of the school, ICT will form the backbone of each learning process in the school. The vision also states that the institution will be able to have ICT successfully integrated into all the processes of the organization even though very few sectors employ the same currently. Needed Changes Some of the major changes required include the mentality of the stakeholders and the organizational framework. Talking of the organizational framework, the institution needs to have the sectors restructured to have ICT devices integrated and ready for operation. However, regarding mentality of the stakeholders, teachers need to change their teaching strategies so that they can incorporate technology. With technology, learning would be interesting and teaching made easy. Students should also be enlightened on the importance of learning ICT. Each and every stakeholder should also be enlightened regarding how much students could improve their performance via incorporation of ICT (Kaur, 2015). On the same required changes, research activities should be performed to determine the reactions of the parties involved. Also, benchmark studies need to be performed to determine the pros, cons, and impacts of integrating ICT in education processes. Preferred Institution: In a years time, the school should be able to have initiated sensitization programs on the importance of integrating ICT into the operational framework of the school including the academic, administrative, and management aspects. The school is expected to have more interactive boards as well. After five years, there should be enough ICT devices including computers, laptops, interactive boards, projectors, and even tablets. Proper incentives including government policies should be in place to facilitate ICT learning processes. ICT teachers should be recruited as well as students learning the same course admitted. ICT content also need to be added to the school curriculum. In ten years time, a lot of changes ought to be made. First and foremost, online courses should have been introduced and efficiently offered. Again, a better database management system should be introduced in the three sectors i.e. management, administrative, and academic. The system would ease management of data as well as increase efficiency of operations. The school should also be able to effectively incorporate ICT in almost all the courses offered. The intake of ICT students should be massive. Technology should dominate every academic process. Strategies of Stakeholders Alignment and Change Levers All the individuals involved in educational activities will be sensitized on the impacts and benefits of having ICT incorporated in their processes of teaching. Apart from such, the stakeholders will also receive information on how much the global market require ICT expertise to get well paying jobs. Due to such a reason, students will be taught with regards to international standards of entrepreneurial skills required to be fit to work anywhere across the world (Kaur, 2015). Many countries recognize the fact that technology has helped in a great deal boosting their economies. The U.K, for instance, spends approximately US $8 billion every year to improve its economic sectors including the education sector (Kaur, 2015). To help stakeholders properly conceptualize the benefits associated with integrating ICT in the educational and administrative processes, a benchmark study will be performed on institutions currently doing well after integrating ICT into their schooling processes. This initiative will also ensure that in provides world-class standards courses integrated with ICT as the basis of all courses offered (Kaur, 2015). Actions Proposed With regards to the recommendations of the Delphi Studies, it is proposed that the institution should employ government incentives and policies with regards to the use of ICT to acquire protection of the law from cyber crimes and other malice associated with computer technology (Kaur, 2015). Since the government also offers funds, the organization should request for development fund to achieve its goals. Teachers should also be given in-service training to boost their confidence with regards to using resources of ICT during their teaching processes (Kaur, 2015). All the hardware and software resources as well as the support staff required to achieve the goals of the organization. Change Management Plan The institution has the capacity to initiate the suggested changes though management and maintenance of the same is likely to cause problems. However, I would recommend that such changes be initiated because they would have massive impacts on the school. If such changes are not done, the institution wouldnt be able to survive in the current technological world. However, since the organization has its success depending on Team Corporation, it is vital that all the stakeholders take part in the sustenance of the recommended changes. This implementation plan should be evaluated within a six months period and the progress examine after every three year interval (Vincent, 1992). Conclusion In this assignment, an implementation plan has been devised to have the teaching practices of a tertiary college in India transformed to meet the current technological standards of the country. With regards to the vision statement, the institution will have to integrate ICT in the processes of education and management. ICT devices will have to be integrated in all teaching processes. Some of these devices will be used to initiate online studies. Reference Albugarni, S., Ahmed, V. (2015). Success factors for ICT implementation in Saudi secondary schools: From the perspective of ICT directors, head teachers, teachers and students.International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology management,11(1), 36-54. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/docview/1681507463?accountid=14543 Bala, R. (2017). Unit Guide. [online] Unitguides.mq.edu.au. Retrieved March 6, 2017, from https://unitguides.mq.edu.au/unit_offerings/72118/unit_guide Bingimlas, K. A. (2009). Barriers to the Successful Integration of ICT in Teaching and Learning Environments: A Review of the Literature. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science Technology Education, 5(3), 235-245. Kamboj, P. Singh, S. K. (2015). Effectiveness of Selected Teaching Strategies in Relation to the Learning Styles of Secondary School Students in India. Interchange, 46(3), 289-312. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/article/10.1007%2Fs10780-015-9253-7 Kaur, L (2015). Future classroom with ICT business tools.Educational Quest: An International Journal of Education and Applied Social Sciences, 6(2), 133-136. Retrieved from https://search.informit.com.au.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/documentSummary;dn=842121265964419 MAYER, F. (2017). CET-Innovation Entrepreneurship . Sony falls back , 1-3. McClendon, K., Ho, T. (2016). Building a Quality Assessment Process for Measuring and Documenting Student Learning. Assessment Update, 28(2), 7-14. Messnarz, R., Ekert, D. (2007). Assessment-based learning systemslearning from best projects. Software Process: Improvement and Practice, 12(6), 569-577. Open Innovation. (2003). Open Innovation :: Open Innovation Community. operations.net. Retrieved 13 June 2017, from https://openinnovation.net/about-2/open-innovation-definition/ Overview of Vision and Visioning Process. (1998). Strategic Thinking In-Service materials, University of Wisconsin-Extension. Pieters, J., Limbach, R., Jong, T. (2004). Designing discovery learning environments: process analysis and implications for designing an information system. International Journal of Learning Technology, 1(2), 147. Roy, N. K. (2012). ICT -enabled rural education in India.International Journal of Information and Education Technology,2(5), 525. doi:https://dx.doi.org.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/10.7763/IJIET.2012.V2.196 Vincent, C. L. (1992).The role of vision in the process of restructuring planning (Order No. 9307264). Available from ProQuest Dissertations Theses Global. (304004872). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/docview/304004872?accountid=14543 Snchez, L., Mitchell, R. (2017). Conceptualizing impact assessment as a learning process. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 62, 195-204. SPRUIJT, J. (2017). Open Innovation. Openinnovation.eu. Retrieved 13 June 2017, from https://www.openinnovation.eu/open-innovation/ Trichkova, E., Stoilova, K. (2013). An Approach for Quality Assessment and Efficiency of a Web-Based System for Distance Learning. Cybernetics and Information Technologies, 13(4).

The Catcher In The Rye An Innocence Lost Essays - Literary Realism

The Catcher in the Rye: An Innocence Lost The Catcher in the Rye is a book by J. D. Salinger and the story of a boy named Holden Caufield. He is no longer innocent, but exposed to the world. Phoebe, Holden's sister, is the opposite she is quite the innocent, never really being exposed to the world outside her protective bubble. Holden wants to protect such precious innocence only found in the children as a guardian of the innocent a catcher in the rye. The Catcher in the Rye is fundamentally a book about innocence. This book shows people of two different parties, the innocent (not tainted by the world) and the experienced (both good and evil), in their daily life and work. These innocents include Sally Hayes and Phoebe. Sally belies the world is a big party (or a social occasion), everyone likes her, and that the fun will never end. Phoebe, Holden's younger sister, is innocent just not quite as naive as Sally. It is clear that she is young and innocent, because of the odd things she does like constantly changing her middle name or paying for belching lessons, this she states towards the end of their conversation. One who is harden by and to the world would not take lessons in belching. A catcher in the rye is a defender or a guardian of the innocent. The idea and the name are purely symbolic. The meaning is as the children are running thorough the rye they do not see the cliffs ahead and the plummet they will make. When they make this "fall" they lose their child-like innocence. This fall could be related to a moral dilemma like maybe the city in the raw. Where he/she would be exposed to prostitution, drunkenness, and maybe drugs. Holden Caufield sees himself ruined and tainted by the world. He has failed out of school, drinks, and smokes. His attitude is it is too late for me. But, there is a ray of hope in his life; he feels it is his duty to save other children from the world as a catcher in the rye. He talks to people about his ideas, people like Carl Luce. Carl just blows it off. Holden truly believes his calling in life is to save them from falling and turn them around. Holden seems destinded to be a social worker or a speaker who travels to schools. To the children he must not seem far from the $5 burial speaker in the beginning of the book. But, Catcher in the Rye is truly a tragic story of innocence lost and will remain controversial and insightful for decades to come. The Catcher In The Rye An Innocence Lost Essays - Literary Realism The Catcher in the Rye: An Innocence Lost The Catcher in the Rye is a book by J. D. Salinger and the story of a boy named Holden Caufield. He is no longer innocent, but exposed to the world. Phoebe, Holden's sister, is the opposite she is quite the innocent, never really being exposed to the world outside her protective bubble. Holden wants to protect such precious innocence only found in the children as a guardian of the innocent a catcher in the rye. The Catcher in the Rye is fundamentally a book about innocence. This book shows people of two different parties, the innocent (not tainted by the world) and the experienced (both good and evil), in their daily life and work. These innocents include Sally Hayes and Phoebe. Sally belies the world is a big party (or a social occasion), everyone likes her, and that the fun will never end. Phoebe, Holden's younger sister, is innocent just not quite as naive as Sally. It is clear that she is young and innocent, because of the odd things she does like constantly changing her middle name or paying for belching lessons, this she states towards the end of their conversation. One who is harden by and to the world would not take lessons in belching. A catcher in the rye is a defender or a guardian of the innocent. The idea and the name are purely symbolic. The meaning is as the children are running thorough the rye they do not see the cliffs ahead and the plummet they will make. When they make this "fall" they lose their child-like innocence. This fall could be related to a moral dilemma like maybe the city in the raw. Where he/she would be exposed to prostitution, drunkenness, and maybe drugs. Holden Caufield sees himself ruined and tainted by the world. He has failed out of school, drinks, and smokes. His attitude is it is too late for me. But, there is a ray of hope in his life; he feels it is his duty to save other children from the world as a catcher in the rye. He talks to people about his ideas, people like Carl Luce. Carl just blows it off. Holden truly believes his calling in life is to save them from falling and turn them around. Holden seems destinded to be a social worker or a speaker who travels to schools. To the children he must not seem far from the $5 burial speaker in the beginning of the book. But, Catcher in the Rye is truly a tragic story of innocence lost and will remain controversial and insightful for decades to come.

Joan of Arc essays

Joan of Arc essays In 1412, Joan of Arc was born to Jacques Darc and his wife Isabelle de Vouthon, in the town of Domremy, France. Her childhood was spent attending her father's herds in the fields and learning religion and housekeeping skills from her mother. At the age of twelve, she started hearing voices in her head that belonged to St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret. Joan thought that they were bringing her messages from God. These voices told her that it was her divine mission to free her country from the English and help the dauphin, or eldest son of the king, gain the French throne. They told her to cut her hair, dress in man's uniform and to pick up the arms. In 1429, the English had occupied Paris and all of France north of the Loire, which is Frances longest river. This capturing was due in most part to the lack of leadership within the French. It was a total sense of hopelessness among them. Joan then convinced the captain of the dauphin, and then the dauphin himself, of her calli ng from a higher power. After passing an examination, she was given the title of captain. At the battle of Orleans in May of 1429, Joan led the troops to a miraculous triumph over the English. She continued fighting the English in other locations along the Loire. The fear of the troops under her leadership was so formidable that when she approached Lord Talbot's army at Patay, most of the English troops, including a commander, fled the battlefield. Even with a good portion of her troops fleeing, she still went on to win this battle, capturing the Lord and killing 1800 of his soldiers. Charles VII was then crowned king of France, and at the coronation, Joan was given a place of honor next to the king. Later, she was ennobled for her services to the country. In 1430, Joan was captured by the Burgundy forces while defending Compiegne near Paris, and then sold to the English. The English then turned her over to the court, where she would be ...

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Roberts

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Roberts A patronymic surname translating to son of Robert, from the Welsh given name Robert, meaning bright fame. The surname is derived from the Germanic elements hrod meaning fame and beraht meaning bright. The origin of the name Roberts is  Welsh and  German and is the 45th most popular surname in the United States as well as the sixth most common surname in Wales. Quick Facts The nickname for Robert is typically Bob or Bobby while the feminine form is often Roberta or Bobbi.The Normans historically introduced the surname Roberts to Britain allowing it to be popular in places like England, Wales and Ireland.Roberts can also be attributed to the Italian root connected to Rupert and is connected to Flanders by the names Rops and Rubbens.The popular fictional character and childrens toy doll, Barbie, is also known by her full name as Barbara Millicent Roberts. Alternate Surname Spellings RobertRobartsRobinsRobartRopartzRobbertsRopertRuppert Famous People Julia Roberts:  American actress popular for films Pretty Woman, Steel Magnolias, and Erin Brockovich. She is one of the highest-paid actors in Hollywood.Rick Ross:  His real name is William Leonard Roberts II. Rick Ross is a rapper and label boss who was first signed to P. Diddys Ciroc Entertainment.Doris Roberts:  Famous television actress known for her role in the popular series Everbody Loves Raymond. She had also been on Desperate Housewives, Greys Anatomy and other TV shows. Genealogy Resources 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Roberts Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Roberts surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Roberts query.FamilySearch - Roberts GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Roberts surname and its variations.Roberts Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Roberts surname.Cousin Connect - Roberts Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Roberts, and sign up for free notification when new Roberts queries are added.DistantCousin.com - Roberts Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Roberts. Check out the resource First Name Meanings to discover the meaning of a given name.  Suggest a surname  be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings and Origins if you are unable to find your last name listed. Source Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Critical Response to Article by Karl Hostetler Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Response to by Karl Hostetler - Article Example This preamble marks the paper out as something a little different from the usual mainstream literature, and the impression of novelty is further enhanced by statements to the effect that researchers need to be playful and irreverent about serious subjects, and need to offend some people and annoy others. Hofstetler certainly practices what he preaches, since the article is full of provocative statements that could be taken as undermining the most fundamental values of academic research activity in most contemporary universities. The key problem that Hostetler identifies is a tendency for education researchers to focus on how their work is done, rather than undertaking a deep analysis of what they are doing and why they are doing it. Analogies such as debating which way to investigate the effectiveness of thumbscrews (Hostetler, 2005, 16-17) or herding lemmings toward the cliff (Hostetler, 2005, 17) or even sticking students with cattle prods (Hostetler, 2005, 19) are somewhat ludicro us, but the point important: too many researchers do not reflect enough about the fundamental aim of education and how far their work helps of hinders people who might be affected at some later date by the outcomes of this research. This line of argument flies in the face of standard notions of research which involve concepts such as objectivity and scientific rigor. Without the use of statistics and analytical methods, there would be very little beyond anecdotal evidence to inform policy making and practice. Hofstetler makes a valid point, but he overstates it with his deliberately â€Å"naughty† (Hofstetler, 2005, p. 17) examples, and he risks not being taken seriously by the vast majority of interested readers who are quite capable of combining scientific methods with careful ethical reflection, and see no necessary conflict between the two. A second problem that Hostetler describes is that of definitions, for example the very different ways that the conception of â€Å"c haracter† in school programs is constituted. Clearly there are quite fundamental variations in the ideologies that can underpin such notions, and Hostetler argues that this complexity is something that needs to be more fully taken into account by researchers. On this point the article is convincing, and certainly there is a case for more clarity in the way that abstract educational terminology is used, especially in government slogans and initiative titles. Hofstetler speaks up for the particular student experiences that are hidden within the data of randomized trial procedures, for example, suggesting that some of the generalizing theories that researchers produce may contain within them actual harm to individual students, since minority results tend to be lost in the bigger picture. Hofstetler questions whether the trade-off is justified, and this is a commendable observation because it highlights the dilemma of that section of the school population with behavioural or learn ing disorders who are so often lost in the drive for overall quality improvements. This article raises a number of valuable questions, and provides much material for reflection, but it is rather short on concrete answers to these questions. The conclusion which is reached is little more than a platitude expressing approval of the likes of Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa and other moral giants of history and calling for a more

Human resource management and career management Dissertation

Human resource management and career management - Dissertation Example Since the beginning until today, human race has been able to ensure continuous progression in every aspect of the society from education to business, and from art to medicine.In such developments,business has remained an imperative component of every society;however,expertshave indicated that until few decades ago, business were only a meant of making profits, and employees were only instruments of ensuring that profit in the business. In other words, there was no difference between humans and animals and both were tools of carrying out work for the employers. However, in recent years, there has been noteworthy alteration in the process of business (Harris et al., pp. 56-60, 2003), and one can observe significant changes especially after the introduction of human resource management that has now become an imperative component of every business organization around the globe. Analysis of the literature (Hendry, pp. 20-22, 1995; Armstrong, pp. 71-78, 2006) has indicated that today in th e era of information and technology and in midst of thousands of qualified individuals lurking to acquire a job, career management has come up as a new aspect. It specifically involves provision of opportunities to individuals to explore their career possibilities, development of their career objectives, and provision of strategies to acquire their career. Experts (Miner, pp. 63-68, 2007) now believe that in the era of economic recession and increment in the unemployment, it has now become important for both career management and human resource management to integrate them, in order to ensure effectiveness at both workplaces, as well as in the marketplace (Ulrich, pp. 23-26, 1997). In the result, it is now a premise of this paper that human resource management should or even must be a component of career management in the future as such step will ease the process of recruitment, selection, and development of employees in the workplace. Additionally, it will allow the employers, as w ell as employees to acquire their targets easily in the marketplace. In order to understand the significance of making HRM a component of career management, the paper will now attempt to understand different current roles of HRM. Particularly, HRM is one of the tactical components (Lumsden et al., pp. 46-55, 2009) within a business entity, which ensures efficient handling of existing, as well as potential labor force. In particular, the major responsibility of HRM is to employ human workforce and make sure that they work in accordance with the identified goals and objectives of the organization, which HRM does by ensuring timely provision of all the required resources essential for such fulfillment. Experts (Briscoe & Schuler, pp. 50-54, 2004) have noticed that nowadays, HRM is also involved in dealing with factors, such as advantages, remuneration, efficiency of workers, productivity of employees, and most importantly, effective communication between employees and employers in the organization. From this brief understanding of the role of HRM, it seems that HRM can be very beneficial in ensuring effective implementation of career management. Unfortunately, nowadays, career has become a synonymous term to job, which is completely inappropriate and inaccurate. Particularly, career is a sequence of jobs, and job is a term that refers to a work that an individual takes to complete it (Grimshaw, pp. 20-25, 2009). In this regard, HRM should be a part of career management, as it can support the later to enable employees to manage their career in the most effective manner rather than sticking to a single job while changing different organizations, and considering it career management. Fortunately, nowadays, a huge number of business organizations are taking their workforce as basic pillars for the success of their organization (Mabey et al., pp. 25-30, 1998). In the result, employers are these days putting efforts to provide

Passwords adopted Essay Example for Free

Passwords adopted Essay In the use of password authentication systems, users are the biggest enemy. According to the second discussion article by Johnson, S, he realized that he needed a password strategy after forgetting his password three times thereby being forced to go through a process of creating a new password. To overcome this problem of forgetting passwords, he resorts to using uncomplicated passwords. The average password user rarely makes an attempt to remember a well constituted password. A well constituted password should be complex enough to prevent what are known as dictionary attacks i. e. passwords constituting letters that make up words that are easy to guess or deduce. Passwords are not foolproof as it is and poor passwords make the whole security measure weaker. Thus, poor password practices always undermine system security. Password reuse is another form of password abuse. Users usually adopt the same passwords or variations of the same password because they are easier to remember. Similarly, users will normally opt to use simple passwords on occasions where the repercussions of intrusion are relatively mild e. g. hat are generated for them. First, these passwords are often temporary and users are given specific instructions to immediately change the password to something different than what was generated. Secondly, people may want to reuse their password they could just change the generated password into something they commonly use for an unimportant website. To help ease the problems that arise in creation and remembering of passwords, password managers are used. A password manager is software that assists users to organize their passwords in a retrievable manner. A typical password manager has a database or files that store encrypted password data. Many password managers also work as form fillers whereby they fill the user and password data automatically into the forms. Unfortunately, many users keep a written record of their passwords. Users who are subjected to complex passwords generated by password managers either change them frequently or end up writing them down. This is itself creates another problem because some users write down their passwords on sticky notes etc. while others keep their passwords as text files n their computers or mobile device, where the passwords can be easily lost or stolen. Recommendations. Educating users on password security is effective. However, this should not deter efforts made at looking into security measures beyond passwords. An example is some companies that have branched into biometrics to increase security. Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing human biological data. In the context of information technology and more specifically security measures, biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human body characteristics. These characteristics include fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns and hand measurements etc. These characteristics are unique to individual human beings and can thus be used for authentication purposes. Biometric authentication is becoming increasingly common in corporate and public security systems, consumer electronics and point of sale (POS) applications. In addition to security, convenience has been another attractive aspect in Biometrics. Biometric devices, such as retina iris scanners, consist of a scanning device, software that converts the scanned information into a digital format and finally compares the resultant match points with those stored in a database containing biometric data for comparison. Another recommendation is the implementation of a layered strategy. It could start out with one password to gain general access, then as the risk rises, the user should be required to provide combinations of something in their knowledge and which is a secret. It could be a smart card, a secure ID token, etc For systems that are limited to the use of keyboard based passwords, the following measures would greatly assist in strengthening the passwords adopted: 1. Avoid letters from familiar phrases. 2. Combine the use of uppercase and lowercase letters in the password. 3. Avoid abbreviations of common phrases or acronyms. 4. Use punctuation in the password. 5. Use a password of at least six characters. 6. Avoid common literary names. 7. Mix up two or more separate words. 8. Create an acronym from an uncommon phrase. 9. Avoid passwords that contain your login ID. 10. Use numbers in the password. 11. Use homonyms or deliberate misspellings.

A Tale Of Two Cities :: essays research papers

Throughout the book, A Tale of Two Cities the theme of sacrifice is used to help the reader realize the cost of life, as well as to develop the plot through the effects of those sacrifices. Through the characters of Sydney Carton, Dr. Manette, and Ms. Pross the theme of sacrifice is developed. The theme of sacrifice brings key aspects of the plot together, and Carton's sacrifice brings the novel to closer in the end. Sydney Carton paid the highest cost of sacrifice with his life, and in doing so he was very similar to Jesus Christ. Carton laid down his life for a man who had never done anything for him and who in fact had abused his relationship as demonstrated on page 191 when Carton describes himself in Darnay's view as "a dissolute dog who has never done any good, and never will." Similarly Jesus Christ let himself be beaten, abused, and killed for the same people who spit in his face. Other people in both cases thought that Jesus and Carton were not thought to be much more that dogs, while they both sacrificed their lives so these people who treated them like dogs could live. Both Carton's and Jesus' sacrifice was inspired by a deep desperate love for which they were willing to do anything. Carton was willing to die for Lucie because of his desperate, scandalous love for her, just as Jesus showed his love for man when he was willing to give up his life for every man. This level of love makes the sacrifice even more valuable and brings things to closure. Finally, Carton and Jesus both knew that through their sacrifice, others could have life. Carton's death breathed life into Darnay just as Jesus Christ's death breathes life into those who trust in him. The importance of their death is that it brings life. The role of Carton's sacrifice in the plot is that the cost of life is sometimes high. Through his sacrifice the cost and privilege of living can be measured, just as Christians can see the true cost and privilege of life through Jesus Christ's sacrifice. Dr. Manette also sacrificed much of his life by giving up his own personal goals and agenda for Lucie. On page 125 Dr. Manette says, "any fancies, any reasons, and apprehensions, anything whatsoever, new or old against the man she really loved†¦they

All About My Mother & Pan’s Labyrinth

How far do the narratives of the films you have studied rely on dramatic moments of confrontation and how far on a more subtle change over time? The two very different Spanish films All about my Mother (AAMM) and Pan’s Labyrinth use complex narratives and character representations to explore gender ideologies. I would suggest that both films rely in part on dramatic moments of confrontation but also demonstrate a more subtle change over time; in this essay I will explain this view. AAMM is a powerful melodrama, exhibiting many of Almodovar’s signature traits and exemplifying his exhuberant, challenging post-Franco style. As a melodrama, it is hardly surprising that there are many dramatic moments within the narrative and throughout the film we see various confrontational moments between the characters. For example, as Manuela enters Barcelona in a taxi there is a violently shocking scene which introduces us to Agrado as she is assaulted by a client. She is defiant in her response and in this way Almodovar sets his agenda: this is a film which challenges traditional gender roles and our perceptions of what is and what ‘should be’. The scene is perhaps all the more shocking because up until this point, in Madrid, there has been high drama in the sudden death of Manuela’s son but her reaction to it is subtly presented and gender representations are far more traditional and in line with the hegemonic view. As Manuela’s somewhat passive quest to find Lola continues, the narrative is punctuated by various melodramatic moments of confrontation but Almodovar’s intention is clearly not merely to present a set of over-exaggerated characters in improbable scenarios and it is perhaps his subtlety that allows the film to communicate its real meaning. Although Manuela is the main character and it is her actions which move the narrative along initially, it is perhaps through all of his characters and their intertwined experiences that Almodovar more fully explores gender and sexuality and questions hegemonic values. Each of his characters goes on a journey and whilst the overtly melodramatic narrative is what keeps the audience entertained (if somewhat disbelievingly) it is perhaps the more subtle undertones of change which we can only appreciate once the film is finished that contain its true message. Manuela, the eternal mother, has a chance to be so to an infant again; Agrado has found acceptance and purpose which does not rely on the sale of her body; Huma is free of the destructive and toxic Nina; Rosa’s mother, who represents perhaps more than any other character the hegemonic values of Spanish society that Almodovar is challenging, is shown to be uncaring in the worst way by rejecting her grandchild and thereby loses her right to have access to him. Rosa, of course, is dead but before her death she had seamlessly morphed from nun to earthly mother. I would argue that all of these changes are subtle and not reliant on moments of dramatic confrontation, and that actually it is these changes – these people – which are the film’s narrative. Although the dramatic moments are entertaining, they are the bass line and the subtler changes are the melody. In terms of narrative, Pan’s Labyrinth is of course quite different from AAMM but I would argue that in terms of the importance of dramatic moments of confrontation versus subtler changes, there are some similarities. As a gothic fairytale/fantasy film set during the Spanish civil war, we would expect dramatic confrontations as binary oppositions are a key convention of the genre and confrontations a symptom of conflict; and indeed, we are not disappointed. The villain of the tale, Captain Vidal, is at the heart of most of the dramatic confrontations within the film, with the Doctor, Ofelia, Carmen, the rebels and eventually, the ultimate confrontation with Mercedes which results in his death. As in AAMM, these moments are certainly key to the development of the narrative and serve to highlight del Toro’s representation of Franco’s hegemonic masculinity as violent, controlling and confrontational. But when we look at the female characters in the film, as indeed we must, there is a recognisably subtler and more sensitive approach both in their representation and in their roles and functions within the narrative. Mercedes, as the ‘helper’, grows in strength and courage as the film progresses, moving gradually from a somewhat sidelined observer of Vidal’s terror to a heroic central player and successful challenger, killing the villain and saving the rebels (who happen to be men). Ofelia of course, undergoes enormous change throughout the tale, losing her mother and confronting various creatures as well as Vidal as she goes but perhaps more significantly, failing to confront her own fear of growing up and instead opting to stay a child forever. Carmen is represented as weak and conforming to the hegemonic ideology that women should be subservient to their husbands and she dies during childbirth, perhaps to demonstrate that this view is outdated. In this film, the necessity for women to be mothers is thus challenged through both mother and daughter, as Carmen dies for it and Ofelia openly rejects it. One conclusion which could be drawn is that although there are many moments of dramatic confrontation in Pan’s narrative, they perhaps merely mask the subtler changes happening beneath them. Or that del Toro has intentionally constructed these confrontations within the world of the men and within Ofelia’s fantasy world to allow us to observe that subtler changes which they promote in our heroine and her helper. The eventual result, of course, being that the situation in Vidal’s ‘family’ mirrors that of the war with the rebels: he fails to recognise the subtle changes occurring around him and pays for it dearly. Because in actuality, it is the female characters who are in control and their experiences being explored. As I said, Vidal and the dramatic moments of confrontation that he is so frequently part of, are the cause and the subtler changes within the female characters the effect. In conclusion, I would say that as with most narratives, dramatic moments of confrontation help to move things along in both of these films but are by no means completely relied upon to create meaning and communicate with the audience. Both films, in different ways, are about women and their experiences and subtlely is also required to communicate these experiences with the poignancy and genuine feeling that they do.

Barley production in the United States Essay

Share of US in global barley production is decreasing and about 1% drop can be clearly seen from 2000 to 2005. Currently US produces about 3. 5% of the total global production. European Union, Russia, Canada and Australia lead the pack. In US the barley is produced mainly in North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Minnesota and South Dakota. These six states account for about 80% of the US barley production. The area under barley cultivation in these six states are 1. 05, 0. 80, 0. 56, 0. 21, 0. 12 and 0. 06 million acres for the states North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Minnesota and South Dakota respectively in 2006 (fapri. missouri 2006). In US the area under cultivation of barley and wheat is continuously decreasing while that under corn and soyabean is increasing. Total area under barley cultivation has decreased from 9 million acres in 1991 to about 3. 5 million acres in 2006 and accordingly the total production of barley has also decreased from about 9 million ton in 1991 to just 4. 4 million ton in 2005. US production averages 400 million bushels per year with an annual value of $923 million as a raw commodity (1988 – 1997). In USA production of the malt barley is mainly in the western states. Of the barley consumed domestically, approximately 55% of the barley crop is used for animal feed 39% for malt production 3. 5% as seed 1. 7% in food products Total value of the annual barley crop is $184 million for barley and milled products $48 million for malt and malt extracts $332 million for beer. US production represents 5-10% of the world production. Largest importers of US barley are Japan and Mexico. Malting and Brewing It is imperative to examine the malting, brewing and fermentation process in primarily to understand the quality requirements for the barley to be use for production of beer. Various unit processes in production of beer are – making malt, drying and milling of malt, producing wort, brewing, fermentation, maturation and bottling. We will examine each of the unit processes in somewhat detail. In the malt house, barley grain germination is initiated by the uptake of water in a steeping vessel. The grain imbibes water during controlled cycles of water spraying or water immersion followed by aeration, until the water content of the grain reaches 42 to 48%. Water enters the grain via the embryo, and after approximately 24 hours, the first visible sign of germination is the appearance of the root, as a white ‘chit’. The grains are then transferred to malting beds where germination is allowed to proceed over a period of around 5 days. The speed of germination is controlled by temperature and aeration of the malt bed, while moisture content is maintained by spraying. Further embryo growth, with the appearance of rootlets and acrospires, can lead to root entangling. The grain bed is regularly turned with a rotating screw to prevent grains matting together. Green malt, produced after five days of germination, is kiln dried and partly cooked in a forced flow of hot air. Hydrolases produced during malting are partially inactivated during this process. Malt color, enhanced by kilning at higher temperatures, may be desirable for production of darker beer, but it leads to further heat-inactivation of hydrolases. The brittle malt rootlets are separated from the malt and utilized in animal feeds. The kilned malt is stable for storage and has a friable texture suitable for the milling process which proceeds brewing. The brew house consists of brewery buildings housing machinery and equipment for the production of wort. Processes taking place here include milling of the kiln dried malt, mashing, filtration and wort boiling. The malt is milled into fine grits to ensure good access of water to grain particles in the subsequent phase of beer production. Milling energy is a good indication of malt quality, where homogeneously modified malt has a lower milling energy. Malt may be supplemented with solid adjunct, i. e. a sugar source such as flaked or roasted barley, in order to impart specific flavor or colour characteristics to the finished beer. Milled malt is mixed thoroughly with two to four volumes of water to yield mash, and subjected to a process – denoted mashing – that fundamentally is an extension of malting with the action of various enzymes. Boiled, gelatinized starch from maize or rice grains may be supplemented as adjunct during mashing to achieve a higher content of fermentable sugars. At the end of the mashing operation, soluble substances and residual solid particles are separated by filtration into sweet wort and spent grains, respectively. Factors influencing mash filtration are complex and range from physical effects, such as particle size, to high viscosity caused by gum and protein aggregates. In the next process in the brew house, hops are added to the wort as a source of bitter substances, which are solubilized during wort boiling (> 1 h) and give beer its characteristic taste and aroma. In addition, wort boiling serves to denature enzymes and other proteins, sterilizes the wort, and yields a darker liquid which is an excellent medium for subsequent fermentation with brewers yeast. During the primary fermentation, the fermentable sugars, mainly maltose and glucose are converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide. This action is performed by the brewing yeast, which during the brewing process also produces many of the characteristic aroma compounds found in beer. At the end of the primary fermentation, the yeast cells flocculate and sediment at the bottom of the fermenter and can be cropped and used for a new fermentation. Not all yeast cells sediment; some will remain in suspension, and these cells are responsible for maturation of the beer. During this process the off-flavor, diacetyl is degraded to below the taste threshold. The fermentation characteristics of brewer’s yeast are strain-dependent and are genetically inherited. Much of the genetics of Saccharomyces yeasts has been elucidated, and the knowledge gained, forms the basis for breeding of brewing yeast. Thus, new types of beer with altered aromas can be produced with yeast strains selected through breeding. After fermentation the temperature is lowered and the beer is maturated for a period during which the off-flavor component diacetyl is assimilated by yeast cells. Mature beer is then chilled to a temperature of -2 oC for a couple of days. By doing so the colloidal stability of the beer is greatly improved due to precipitation of protein-tannin complexes, which are only sparingly soluble at low temperature. The beer is now ready for final stabilization, which removes further amounts of proteinaceous matter and/or tannins, and subsequent filtration. The bright beer so obtained, and adjusted to the correct carbon dioxide content, is now ready for bottling. When the residual yeast cells have been removed it is of utmost importance that oxygen uptake is reduced as much as possible, since oxygen will damage the flavor stability of the beer and, despite intensive stabilisation, also impairs its colloidal stability. Finished beer is either bottled or canned or filled into kegs. It may be tunnel pasteurized, flash pasteurized or aseptically bottled. In either case the beer must appear fresh, bright and without faults to the customer and hence the quality is a matter of great concern. The beer must also be free from micro-organisms to ensure wholesomeness and biological stability. The ethanol content must obey fiscal rules but is also of major importance for the flavor of the beer. This is further influenced by a wide range of compounds that may be present in even very small amounts. Visually the finished beer must form nice foam on pouring; it must have an attractive colour. Despite use of the choicest raw materials and careful brewing performance the beer is a fragile liquid, especially when not stored cold. The fine balanced aroma of fresh beer is eventually replaced by a less attractive smell and likewise the taste deteriorates. The basis for this decay is a matter of intense research.

Principles of Ecotourism Analysis Essay

Principles of Ecotourism Analysis Essay Main Principles of Ecotourism Analysis Essay Example Main Principles of Ecotourism Analysis Essay Example Ecotourism is an environmentally stable form of nature-based tourism, which is primarily focused on life in the wilderness and learning the environment. It is organized in accordance with the ethical standards so as to minimize the impact on the nature, consumption, and costs, and focused on the local level (with control perspective, the benefits and scope). Normally, this form of tourism is developed in the protected territories and is intended for contributing to their conservation. It is generally accepted among the majority of nations that approximately 8 to 10% of their land area is to be preserved for maintenance of their native habitat (Ballantyne Packer, 2013). The major function of this policy is ensuring that the historic environment in the country is protected as part of its heritage, and a variety of flora and fauna within the state is stored. It is assumed that these conserved regions may function without undue human interventions. However, ecotourism can promote not on ly the conservation and development of nature; it also includes positive synergistic relationship between tourism, biodiversity, and the local population, which is supported with the appropriate organization and management of these activities. Ecotourism occurs in relatively undisturbed natural areas and does not lead to the destruction of the environment and deterioration of its quality. In opposite, it contributes directly to the protection and management of the used natural areas. Ecotourism should be a subject of adequate and competent management. Thus, the sphere includes three key criteria. Principles of Ecotourism The main destinations attractive for tourists are primarily natural (characterized with specific flora, fauna or geological features). The next important component is a feature of the cultural environment; the emphasis is put on the study and understanding of the resources themselves, and the activities of tourists and other participants have a mild effect on the physical and cultural environment in the visited region. Eco-tourism should be linked with the concept of sustainable tourism, without exceeding the recreational capacity of the visited areas by being acceptable to local communities and supporting them. Sustainability in this sphere implies a positive overall balance of the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of tourism, as well as the positive influence of visitors on each other. Thus, those types of tourism activities that have the highest positive summary effect in terms of environmental, economic and social development can be considered more stable. Ecotou rism is an important component of the sustainable development of natural areas. It is easy to determine that the basis of most definitions of ecotourism are aimed at achieving sustainability or are the means of achieving this goal, whether it is minimizing the negative impacts on the natural and cultural environment, strengthening of economic returns for the benefit of nature protection or environmental education. Obviously, such travel, in which only a few principles of ecotourism are carried out, cannot be considered ecotourism. The direct result of ecotourism is not an improvement and the protection of the environment. This paper will examine the four ecotourism destinations Kangaroo Island in Australia, Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, Penang National Park in Malaysia, and Costa Rica, which present the perfect examples of proper compliance with the conditions of eco-travelling, and evaluate on these instances whether ecotourism can be considered sustainable with regards of its environmental, social, and economic aspects. The modern concept of ecotourism can be narrowed to a set of principles applicable to all types of tourism related to nature. The basic principles of ecotourism include: Travelling in nature. The main purpose of such trips is acquaintance with wildlife, as well as local customs and culture; Minimizing the negative environmental and socio-cultural effects; maintenance of ecological sustainability of the nature; Promoting conservation of nature and local socio-cultural environment; Environmental education; The participation of local residents and opportunity for them to receive income from tourism. It is creating for them the economic incentives for conservation; Cost-effectiveness and contribution to sustainable development of the visited regions (Ballantyne Packer, 2013). Demand on Ecotourism, Trends in Its Global Growth and Likely Impacts upon the Future Development of the Industry Increased demand for ecotourism is defined with the general growth of the number of tourists, an increasing popularity of the trips to special destinations, and rising of public awareness of environmental conservation. Another important trend which underlies the demand for ecotourism is the fact that the industrialized countries of the West have reached a point where the driving force of economic growth is not the desire of people to consume more goods, but their aspiration to real impressions and experiences (Cater, 1997). Recently, tourists from developed countries are increasingly looking for this form of travelling, which would contribute to their personal growth and enrichment of their knowledge of nature and human. Another important trend in the global growth of ecotourism is an increase of caring about health and maintaining physical fitness that resulted in active recreation in the open air becoming fashionable. This trend coincided in time with the saturation of the market w ith the traditional beach-resort areas (Chen, 2015). Thus, tour operators began to offer their customers new, exotic destinations and forms of recreation. Preservation of ethnic rural landscapes is directly linked with the development of landscape tourism. At present, this factor becomes the only real brake on industrial expansion in many regions. The development of ecotourism becomes an additional (or sometimes major) means of economic revitalization of depressed areas. The tendency of attraction the travelers to the best preserved natural landscapes is accompanied with changes in tourist specialization, development of the infrastructure of tourist zones, the creation of a network of national parks and game farms, introduction of special conservation regime of exploitation of forests. Unique Tourism Supply Kangaroo Island in Australia Kangaroo Island is situated on the southern Australian coast. The island is considered a classic example of tourism development involving local community and ecologists of the wild nature. Its natural resources were designed as tourist products in many ways. The market of the island changes constantly in order to improve access from the mainland of South Australia, ensure more foreign arrivals and a significant number of daily visitors. The destination is developing through the introduction of the innovative mode of planning and management of health, tourism industry, and resources of Kangaroo Island. Kangaroo Island is situated nearly ten miles away from the coast of Southern Australia. It offers for tourists to spend time in a rural location of pristine wilderness. Twenty four national parks or nature reserves embrace about a third of Kangaroo Island territory. The remaining part of the island is covered with well-watered woods and agricultural lands. The primary reason why people come to Kangaroo Island is to have an opportunity to see rare wild animals, national parks and the island itself (Moore, 2009). Neighboring Brownlow Beach offers diving, yachting sports and sea fishing from the pier. The main attractive point for tourists is kangaroos which come out to graze at sunset. One is able to observe most of them from a distance. Other rare animals still survive on the island. In addition, to the west along the south coast beaches there is a pretty Vivonne Bay, beach with pure white sand, known as the Little Sahara. Kangaroo Island also has Kelly Hill Conservation Park, which is famous for its limestone caves. It can be concluded that Kangaroo Island is a little business owned and operated by local naturalist experts. Dubai in the United Arab Emirates The government of Dubai is committed to the preservation of the ecosystem of the emirate. Within the new strategic development plan of Dubai, a special attention is paid to ecotourism, which will contribute to the conservation of nature, the Islamic cultural heritage, and local traditions. In 2003, the government adopted a policy of the development of ecotourism and has signed a number of legal acts, directing the activities of the country in this way. In this region, which has both desert and water ecosystem, there is plenty of opportunities to explore the local nature and fauna. The main focus of ecotourism activities was put on the creation of nature reserves and opening them for visitors. The biggest of them is called Ras Al Khor and covers six square kilometers. There one can admire a local flora and fauna, watch birds and enjoy the wonderful view from the high towers for bird watchers, two of which have been specially created for tourists. Besides, one of the best places for ob serving the nature is Dubai desert reserve which is called Al Maha Desert Resort. Al Maha has been designed with the key principles of eco-tourism in the framework of consolidation of its commercial success. In total, eco-zones in Dubai, including reserves, cover more than three hundred million square kilometers. They present eighty eight species of birds, three hundred and thirteen of fauna, and amazingly beautiful nature. However, eco-tourism in Dubai is not limited to the reserves and green areas. Those tourists who are interested can visit the desert for safari to observe rare Arabian Oryx. One can also fly over it in a balloon or take an off-road car tour. In addition, travelers can go to a pilgrimage to the mountain springs and use other opportunities. Moreover, Dubai officially announced the establishment of six new nature reserves in order to preserve the environment and promote ecotourism. These new measures will positively affect the nature. Creating of reserves will help to ensure the environmental safety of Dubai in the future and will have a significant impact on the development of ecotourism in the emirate. Penang National Park in Malaysia Penang National Park is the smallest of the national parks of Malaysia, which covers an area of two thousand five hundred sixty two hectares. Despite this, these park is the only one reserved territory in Malaysia, where one can found six different ecosystems: the seasonal lake, wetlands, mangroves, watts (coastal strip, drying during low tides), coral reefs and sandy beaches. There are about a thousand species of plants, one hundred forty three species of animals and forty six species of birds (Kaffashi et al., 2005). From April to August, green turtles and olive sea turtles swim to the beaches of the park to lay their eggs. This reserve, which lies on the northern tip of Penang Island at the end of the famous Jalan Batu Ferringhi over fishing village Kuala Bahang, offers visitors several hiking trails. National Park gives great opportunities for recreation and ecotourism, including climbing, hiking, swimming, wildlife watching or simply enjoying the unique natural environment. Local people are involved in touristic activities, too. Fishermen offer a ride on the boat and cooking dinner on the grill. Several companies of Penang organize regular trips to the park trails. A favorite place of tourists is a wide bay Teluk Duyung, which is also nicknamed Monkey Beach because of the large flocks of these animals that live here. In the district of the beach, there is a meromictic lake Pantai Kerachut. There are only several such lakes in the world. Water is clearly stratified in them: the upper layer of fresh water is fed from the 5 surrounding creeks and always stays cool; the bottom layer of salt water is fed from the sea and always keeps warm. In addition, tourists are offered to pass the suspended trail (Canopy Walkway). It is the shortest route connecting the two main trails of the national park. It is hovering at a height of fifteen m above the ground. The interesting fact which motivates tourists to see it is that it was built on the trees using ropes withou t a single nail, screw or bolt (Kaffashi et al., 2005). Costa Rica Costa Rica is Mecca of ecotourism. This is one of the few countries in Latin America, which made a bid for ecotourism. Forests and all animals are protected by law. Perhaps, it is the only country where any hunting is prohibited. And it gives the results: there is a large number of animals and they allow tourists to come close to them. The diversity of the country’s flora and fauna attracts tourists here. Seventy of a hundred per cent of the Earths plants are available in Costa Rica (Dasenbrock, 2002). In addition to the parks and reserves, tourists can visit one hundred and twenty active volcanoes. Seventy of them are acting. Arenal Volcano is acknowledged the most active. Here are also situated numerous hot springs, which attract tourists from all over the world. It is the perfect place to relax and unwind being surrounded by wonderful nature. In 1964, world-famous park of cypress sculpture of Evangelist Blanco Brenes appeared in Zarkero (Dasenbrock, 2002). He has been working on the maintenance of the ideal state of his masterpieces for 37 years. In Costa Rica, there are twenty four magnificent national parks, thus, it can be considered as the concentration of the world of ecotourism. Here, on a fair distance from each other, is a large number of ecologic houses. Many of them, in addition to standard tours, offer special programs of yoga and wellness treatments. These parks are supposedly the most prominent representatives of the natural diversity on earth. Tortuguero National Park is a complex system of canals and mangroves and is a haven for the four species of turtles, which chose this place for the annual egg-laying and are close to extinction. Santa Rosa National Park is very different from others since it is very dry in summer and very windy in winter here; this area is blown with severe winds Papagayo. It is the largest protected land of dry forest in Central America. Here, the extraordinary beauty of the flowers and heavenly beaches is presented (Dasenbrock, 2002). Sustainable Tourism Principles Sustainable tourism meets the needs of todays travelers and the local population and, at the same time, preserves and increases the possibilities for the future. This notion involves the ability to create long-term conditions for the proper development of both tourism and conservation of natural resources, social and cultural values of society. However, its goal is to achieve higher standards of living for the native population through economic growth and conservation of environmental benefits and natural capital for future generations. This approach fits into the global tourism trends, determining the formation of a new tourist brand, which involves the situation when the high preservation of natural and cultural complexes is a prerequisite for sustainable development. Sustainable tourism is the youngest concept of environmentally friendly tourism. It is essentially a particular application of the concept of sustainable development which implies the integration of social, economic a nd environmental aspects in decision-making and action. The concept of sustainable development has become the central idea of the UN Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) and has been recognized as an effective model for the development by an absolute majority of the countries whose representatives signed a number of international documents directly related to the practical implementation of the concept of sustainable development (Marzouky, Froger Ballet, 2012). The ten principles of sustainable tourism adopted by the Swedish Agency for Environmental Protection can help to understand better the essence of sustainable tourism concept: Inexhaustible, sustainable use of natural resources; Reducing excessive consumption and waste; Ensuring the preservation of natural, social and cultural diversity; Careful planning, an integrated approach, the integration of eco-tourism into regional development plans; Support for local economies; Participation of local populations in tourism development and sharing of financial and other benefits from such activities; Consulting stakeholders and the public; Training of staff; Responsible tourism marketing. Thus, one can say that ecotourism is at the crossing of nature-friendly and sustainable tourism (Higginbottom, 2004). Assessment on the Sustainability of Ecotourism in Terms of Environmental, Social, and Economic Aspects Economic Aspect of Ecotourism Kangaroo Island Charging fees on visitors is a method of capturing income that may be sent back to realization of environmental objectives. Visitor fees include park admission tickets and excursions fees on users of the district of or object. Sales and royalties are fees charged as a percentage of earnings received from using the activities or products on the site, such as crafts, souvenirs, photos and greeting cards and others. Taxation is an additional cost of products and services bought by tourists. Thus, the power supply inputs and other charges are added to the income of local labor and their total is added to the local tourism industry and estimated to be at least $ 1.5 to $ 2.0 million a year (Moore, 2009). Dubai Tourism is now the fastest growing sector of the economy of Dubai. It has become possible due to constantly increasing number of tourists. About 3.6 million people visited Dubai in 2003; more than seven million came in 2007. In 2008, Dubai received about 6.5 million visitors, which contributed to getting $ 3.5 billion for the local economy. Dubai is one of the few international destinations, which see an increase in the number of visitors compared to previous year, successfully maintaining its position as a world-class tourism center. Despite the complex economic climate, the number of visitors of Dubai has reached an unprecedented level of 11,996,449 in 2014, although the growth rate slowed (Hazbun, 2008). Penang National Park In cases where ecotourism is originally not a highly profitable enterprise on the local level, some states often stimulate its development through subsidies, taxes and other incentives since indirect benefits on the regional and national levels, makes its development preferable. That is the way Malaysia acts in order to maintain the growth of ecotourism in Penang National Park. Its socio-economic importance reaches the highest level primarily on the local and regional level since it provides jobs to the local population and revenue to the local economy. Among the channels and forms of financial flows the most common are: Allocation of tourism revenues to the local budget and special funds as compensation for the exploitation of natural resources; The fee for the transfer of rights of use from local governments to nonresident travel agencies (rent, and other); Providing a preliminary service for travel agencies (such as the supply of food, construction materials, handicrafts, and other); Employment (professional employees of travel agencies) (Kaffashi et al., 2005). Costa Rica The dynamic development of ecotourism brings the state large revenues. Nowadays, it is a major source of Costa Rica’s income. Ecotourism is especially popular among wealthy citizens of the USA and Canada. Since Costa Rica has no army, which in other countries is a significant part of public funding, its government has invested in the protection of a large part of the jungle and the other forests. Meanwhile the nearest neighbors of Costa Rica Panama and Nicaragua have sold their timber to the United States, Costa Rica nationalized nearly 25% of the territory, maintaining and ensuring the future of one of the most biologically diverse environments on the planet. Years of political stability and the success of the democratic process also served as the promotion of Costa Rica as the best country for tourism in the region of Central and South America. Now, ecotourism is overtaking coffee and banana business and plays a dominant role in the economy, bringing about $2 billion a yea r (Zambrano, Broadbent Durham, 2010). Social Aspect of Ecotourism Kangaroo Island The local people make a profit from tourism activities, such as the restaurants, souvenirs, transport, local guides, and other. In the Kangaroo Island, ferry services are operated by the local people. Kangaroo Island Regional Transport Strategy Report emphasizes that the majority of visitors travel to Kangaroo Island on the ferry (92%) and approximately 15% of the revenue is gotten from the Sea Links revenue from cargoes. In connection with the tourism, the local community receives more profit from the availability of labor, equipment and resources to provide assistance in the management of fire and economy, the use of infrastructure and services provided because of tourism and local employment opportunities (Moore, 2009). Dubai The positive impact of ecotourism in Dubai is based on changing the behavior of tourists and representatives of the tourism industry by increasing their level of environmental education, the use of the impact tools (environmental PR, branding strategy, and others), environmental education of the local population, developing a culture of dialogue between people of different social strata, the formation of respect for the local people, creating a culture of environmental recreation (Hazbun, 2008). Penang National Park Today, life on the island is in full swing mainly due to the development of tourism. There are many night clubs and places of entertainment, the streets abound with restaurants, shops, markets and night bazaars. Ecotourism provides a source of income for local communities, for example, it concerns the food services, services of hotel accommodation, work of guides and sale of handicrafts, which cause less environmental damage than other sources of income, such as slash-and-burn agriculture, extractive industries and industries that pollute environment (Kaffashi et al., 2005). Costa Rica A local community is actively involved in ecotourism. People own eco-hotels and restaurants for tourists. Developing of ecotourism created proper environmental behavior among Costa Ricans. They honor all the animals in the jungle and are proud of the abundance of birds in the woods. Every Costa Rican, even a teenager, is well-versed in plants and working in the garden. Even residents of large cities are working in the gardens and cultivating ecological products. Any tourist can enjoy an abundance of fruits and vegetables in the backyard of a city dweller (Gale Hill, 2012). Environmental Aspect of Ecotourism Kangaroo Island Kangaroo Island has been saved as eco land for centuries. There is an amazing variety and abundance of birds on Kangaroo Island. The state provides policies including plans for ecotourism in order to maintain the sustainable development strategy. These policies are dealing with the positive and negative impacts of tourism and making sure that this industry helps to protect areas. Such model is applied to the island managing and positioning it as relatively unchanged rural and natural landscapes, rich and highly visible wildlife, safe, clean, and healthy environment, and strong sense of community and unity to the land and its heritage in order to save the environment (Moore, 2009). Dubai The entire infrastructure is used for access to the natural objects, like the desert, Wild Wadi, a zoo, Al Maha Desert. The natural life of Dubai consists of desert and animals. Their protection is important so they will not be endangered or extinct. Hunting these species is not allowed due to development of ecotourism. However, the growing demand for tourism is a major threat to land and other resources in the country. Building in the desert will affect the habitat of many species, and their existence would be affected. Air pollution, whether dust, debris or the sound of tourists, will also show the failure of the local tourism council to prevent the negative impacts of tourism (Green Higginbottom, 2001). If the beaches and deserts are contaminated it will lead to the development of the hatred of the local population and conflicts will occur. Penang National Park Unfortunately, ecotourism does not quite live up to the ideals of preservation. Ecotourism is a highly consuming activity. Although it is proper for small groups, even slightly population growth leads to additional pressure on the local environment and creates a need to develop additional infrastructure and facilities. Due to the construction of sewage treatment plants, sewage systems, and using of non-renewable sources of energy the already limited local resources are used more actively (Kaffashi et al., 2005). Costa Rica Ecotourism provides a direct source of income for conservation of protected areas. Costa Rica, perhaps, is one of the countries in which ecotourism contributes to the preservation of the environment. If selected by the government of Costa Rica ecotourism course would continue to develop and bring considerable income to the country. The principles of conservation of environment always bring revenue to the state that seeks to live in harmony with nature (Henly, 2011). At the junction of the most important environmental, economic, and social problems of our time, the concept of ecotourism appears as one of the most important means of sustainable development of natural areas. Today, ecotourism is a comprehensive interdisciplinary direction ensuring the relationship of the interests of tourism, environmental protection and culture. Ecotourism has become popular as the form of tourism, which focuses solely on the wild or exotic cultures. Some examples show that such tourism can actually benefit native communities. Kangaroo Island in Australia, Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, Penang National Park in Malaysia, and Costa Rica are ones of the most popular ecotourism destinations in the world. Examining these examples in terms of environmental, social, and economic aspects, one can conclude that ecotourism creates a firm base for the sustainable development of environmental activities. It also can strongly contribute to economy of the country as well as ensure a more complete awareness of visitors and host communities in regard to the quality of the environment and its social, cultural and economic impact, which should lead to increased interest and support provided. Thus, ecotourism destinations under consideration reveal the progressive power of ecotourism and show that these touristic directions can be confiden tly considered sustainable and must develop all over the world.